Pipes Free Acid is a very important biological buffering agent that can be used for the purification of microtubule proteins using phosphoric acid cellulose chromatography The gel filtration method was used to purify recombinant GTP-binding proteins ARF1 and ARF2 as a buffer for crystallization of ketone reductase from Escherichia coli; due to It can form free radicals, so it is not suitable for application in redox systems; in cation exchange chromatography, low concentrations should be used Buffer solution, because it has a relatively high ion strength and its pKa value is concentration-dependent. PIPES Free acid buffer can also be used for flow cytometry to detect the cell cycle. | 
